"French and Indian War" by Laurie Collier Hillstrom and Kevin Hillstrom

In "French and Indian War" the author tells the events that happened in this war. The events in George Washington's and the events that completely change the course of the war. The many decisions by George Washington and his men. And the decisions made by other prestigious war generals.

Major Events

British defeated at Ft. Duquesne during 1755 in Western Pennsylvania.

French take Ft. Oswego during 1756 in Upstate New York.

Massacre at Ft. William Henry during 1757 in Upstate New York.

William Pitt guides British war effort in 1757 thru 1761 in London.

Louisbourg and Ft. Duquesne Captured by British during 1758 in Quebec and Western Pennsylvania.

Battle of Quebec during 1759 in Quebec.

Battle of Quiberon Bay during 1759 off France.

Iriquois join British-American alliance during 1760 at the American Colonies.

French surrender Montreal during 1760 in Quebec.

British capture Havana, Manila from Spain during 1762 in Cuba, Philippine Islands.

Treaty of Paris during 1763 in Paris, France.

British territorial claims greatly expanded in America.

British dept grew in an attempt to finance an ever-expanding war.

Resentment towards American colonists grew in Parliament among those who saw

Americans as unwilling to finacially support a war on their behalf.

American Colonists unified for the first time against a common enemy.

Colonial militias saw themselves as volunteers or a "people's army" in contrast to
the authoritarian and coervice British Army.

France's influence in development of North American dwindled mightily.

Source: Feldmeth.net

Timeline

French and Indian War Timeline

1753

French troops from Canada march south; seize and fortify the Ohio Valley. Britain protests the invasion and claims Ohio for itself.

1754

Ensign de Jumonville and a third of his escort is killed by a British patrol led by George Washington. In retaliation the French and the Indians defeat the British at Fort Necessity. Washington surrenders after losing one-third of his force.

1755

The British implement a plan to defeat the French. Moncton successfully captures Fort Beausejour, Major General Edward Braddock troops are defeated in the Battle of the Monongahela, and William Johnson’s troops stop the French advance at Lake George.

1756

The Seven Years' War begins as Great Britain declares war on France expanding the North American conflict to Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.

1757

The French led by Montcalm capture Fort William Henry. Following the surrender, Montcalm’s actions angers his Indian allies who capture or kill hundreds of unarmed British.

1758

William Pitt implements cooperative policies toward colonial legislatures to receive more colonial support for the war, the Treaty of Easton is signed with the Six Nations, and the British take control of the Forks of the Ohio.

1759

French surrender Quebec after a battle outside the city on the Plains of Abraham.

1760

The British capture Montreal ending the conflict in North America.

1763

February 10: The Treaty of Paris ends the war between Britain and France.

April: Ottawa Chief Pontiac unites many American Indian nations in an effort to drive British off their land. Colonel Henry Bouquet leads the British army and defeats Native American forces at Bushy Run.

October 7: King George III signs the Proclamation of 1763 reserving land west of the Allegheny Mountains for Indians.

1764

The British Sugar Act is amended to tax the American colonies.

1765

April: Sugar Act and the Currency Act protests. Many colonists refuse to use imported English goods. Many colonists refuse to use imported English goods. Seeds of unrest are sown that will eventually lead to the American Revolution.

Source: PBS

People of importance to the war

Important People and Places

British and colonials

Earl of Loundoun  -  Appointed commander-in-chief of the British forces in 1756, Loundoun presided over, and caused, many devastating failures for the British.

Major General Edward Braddock  -  The first general to arrive from Britain. He was killed in 1755 at the first battle for Fort Duquesne.

Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie  -  The colonial leader of Virginia in 1754, Dinwiddie was concerned about French encroachment on the Virginia border. In late 1753, he sends a 21-year-old major in the Virginia military named George Washington to tell the French to back away from the border.

William Johnson  -  Johnson began his career as the Indian agent for the colony of New York. During this period he was one of the most successful negotiators with many Indian nations, especially the Iroquois. During the war he became a war hero as well, leading the British to victory at the Battle of Lake George in 1755.

Lieutenant Colonel George Munro  -  In history, Munro met defeat as the leader of Fort William Henry in 1757. In literary history, he is a central figure in James Fenimore Cooper's classic The Last of the Mohicans.

William Pitt  -  Pitt assumed leadership of the British ministry in December 1756. His aggressive new policies for the war were a crucial part of turning the tide in Britain's favor in the latter half of the war.

Captain Robert Rogers  -  Leader of the Rangers, a rough-and-tumble force of men from New Hampshire. Operated as spies and participated in guerrilla warfare against the French to great success throughout the war.

George Washington  -  Washington began his career as a brash and careless diplomat and military leader. After being asked to resign after the Fort Necessity fiasco, he returns as a volunteer under British authority. The French and Indian War is where Washington learned how to be a leader.

James Wolfe  -  Major British general who led the British to victory in the Battle of Quebec.

French and Colonials

Louis-Joseph de Montcalm  -  Beginning in 1756, Montcalm took over as commander-in-chief of the French forces in North America. He was a much-feared and respected general who lost his life at the Battle of Quebec.

Marquis de Vaudreuil  -  In 1755, he became the governor of Canada, replacing the Marquis Duquesne.

Forts and Places

Fort George/Fort Duquesne/Fort Pitt  -  This centrally located fort in what is now Pittsburgh, PA changed hands many times during the war. It was the site of England's first disastrous battle, in which Braddock lost his life.

Fort Necessity  -  This hastily constructed fort in Great Meadows, PA was the site of George Washington's first defeat in 1754. Later in American history, it oddly came to symbolize the rugged spirit of the colonials.

Fort William Henry  -  Site of the most notorious massacre in colonial history, this fort located near the Hudson River fell to the French in 1757.

Louisbourg  -  An important city on the east coast of Canada (in present-day Nova Scotia). It was a French stronghold of arms and supplies.

Ticonderoga  -  A major French fort and city north of Albany. The British failed repeatedly to seize it; they finally succeeded in 1759.

 

Source: Spark Notes

Link to more information on the war

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